Saturday, June 25, 2011

"Black Is Beautiful"

“Black is beautiful”

Disclaimer: Surprisingly, as much as this phrase is used, little is written online about it directly. So this is mainly from my imperfect memory:

“Black is beautiful” (1968) was a catchphrase from the Black Power movement in America. It meant that even though American society teaches in a thousand ways that white  is right and good and beautiful and that black is ugly and shameful and no-good, it was just so much brainwashing. “Black is beautiful” was an attempt to begin the unbrainwashing, to undo the internalized, black-on-black racism.

Malcolm X in Harlem in 1964:
We must recapture our heritage and our identity if we are ever to liberate ourselves from the bonds of white supremacy. We must launch a cultural revolution to unbrainwash an entire people.

Stokely Carmichael in 1966:
We have to stop being ashamed of being black. A broad nose, a thick lip and nappy hair is us, and we are going to call that beautiful whether they like it or not. We are not going to fry our hair anymore.

James Brown in 1968, reaching far more people through his songs:
Say it loud – I’m black and I’m proud.
The song in fact was about equal rights and freedom, but that line is what stuck in people’s heads. The song came out just when “Black is beautiful” was on everyone’s lips and helped to push it to the forefront.
Back then part of the power of “Black is beautiful” – and of the James Brown song – was the word “black”. It was not yet the main term for blacks like it is in this post. Instead people said “Negro” or “coloured”.
“Black” was the opposite of white and proud of it. “Negro”, meanwhile, got a bad name as being used by those who thought blacks should try to be more like white people in order to fit in and be accepted – assimilation, integration. So much so that “Negro pride” seems laughable whereas “black pride” does not.
As to “beautiful”, the phrase came when the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement showed how White America was not always so good and right and beautiful as it imagined itself to be. Even some young whites began to question it, protesting the war, becoming hippies, etc.
Some things that “Black is beautiful” helped along, though most of these were already in motion by 1968:
  • The term “black” instead of “Negro”
  • Natural hairstyles become way more acceptable: Afros, dreadlocks, etc.
  • Black ideas of female beauty become less openly white.
  • Fake African names (Shaquanda, etc)
  • African American Studies
  • Afrocentrism
  • Kwanzaa
  • Black History Month
  • Multiculturalism in America or, as the right puts it, cultural relativism
  • Blacks all over the world take more pride in themselves and their background as well as other ethnic minorities, like American Indians.
  • James Brown loses most of his white fans.
While it helped to increase black pride, internalized racism is still with us.

"Beautiful, Also, Are The Souls Of My Black Sisters!!"

BLACK WOMEN IN WHITE AMERICA

Four hundred years. Four hundred years of living in this country, this country which devalues, debases, defiles, degrades and dismisses the beauty, the contributions, the accomplishments of black women. Four hundred years of being told over and over again that we as black women are less than human, that we are not women.
Four hundred years of myths and outright lies, that black women-haters of many races have spread about us while raping us, while beating us, while forcibly impregnating us, while cutting and tearing us to pieces, while using our bodies, and our love, only to abandon us after they have satisfied their greed of our bodies, our hearts, our minds.
Four hundred years of having our bodies belonging to someone else. During slavery, when any child born of us was the master’s to sell as if it was some little pig or puppy, children that many times were his own flesh and blood.
Four hundred years of being called, “negresses”, “nigger bitch”, “nigger wench”, “black slut”, “whore”, “wanton”, “lascivious”, “hypersexual”————
———unrapeable.
Four hundred years of being considered as less woman compared to all women in the world.
Four hundred years of being the “mules of the world”.
Yes, America has sought the destruction of black women for over 400 years because we would not lie down and allow America to destroy us.
During slavery we would not let the savage viciousness of slavery’s tearing our children from our arms stop us from still loving those children, knowing that the evils of slavery would one day take them from us. During slavery we would still strive to give sustenance and love to children we knew within the next breath could die, due to our not being allowed to nurse them while we worked from sunup to sundown in the cotton fields. Children we had to lay in the fields as we were worked doing hard labor as if we were men. Children we had to steal away to just to give a few moments of mother’s love to them,  just a glance,  just a look at the child born of our bodies. Children that we carried for 9 months, close to our hearts, feeling their life stirring in us, knowing that they did not belong to us, but instead belonged to some monster who gave not a damn about those children’s humanity; children who were nothing but money, wealth, and financial gain for slavers who sought to annihilate the humanity of an entire race. Even still, we continued to love and cherish those children, holding on to the day when they and their children’s children would no longer live a nightmare of chattal slavery. Even when those children were sold far from us, we never stopped loving them nor longing to have them return to the arms of our loving embrace, whether in this life or the next.
But, we survived all that slavery sought to destroy us with.
Four hundred years that included the infamy of Reconstruction when the North allowed the white South to do anything within insanity towards black human beings. Black women saw the rise of the Ku Klux Klan that rode through and terrorized entire black communities using mass gang rapes as a form of terrorism. The atrocities of being raped in front of their husbands, sons, brothers, uncles.
Black women survived that.
One hundred years of the humiliation of Jim Crow segregation, the hatred of Southern whites seeing black women finally begin to leave behind them, the hells of slavery, and to finally have the right to their bodies, their minds, their souls. One hundred years of humiliating segregation which told black women that they were not capable of being raped, whether they were a woman or a girl. Segregation which denied black women the right to be able to stay at home and raise their children. A racist hateful society that beat black women back into the fields, back into the servitude of wet-nursing white women’s babies, back into the near-slavery of demeaning domestic work, back into a peonage existence that was worse than slavery. A time when a black woman could count on being called “gal” or “bitch” more than she could count on being called, “lady”, “Ma’am”, “Miss”, or Mrs.”
Black women survived that.
One hundred years of lynching. One hundred years of seeing our sons, our husbands, our brothers, our nephews, our uncles, fall to the rope and the burning stake during the nadir of lynching. One hundred years of seeing our male relatives drug out of our homes, one hundred years of seeing our male relatives roasted, tortured, butchered, and castrated by sadistic psychotic mobs of white lynchers.
One hundred years of pleading and imploring with white women to demand that their men cease their murdering and destroying our men. One hundred years of begging white women to demand that their men cease their raping of defenseless black women and girls, only to have our cries fall on death ears while so many black lives were destroyed through rape and lynching, before white women finally took it upon themselves to finally begin to speak up to put a stop to the years and years of white lynch mobs murdering our male relatives.
Black women survived that.
Four hundred years of having the men who’ve raped and defiled us, turn around and have those same men blame us for all the degradations they did to us, as if we the victim deserved to be treated in ways no animal should be treated. Four hundred years of lies that said the we were the initiators of sexual aggression when it was those who raped and murdered us, who were guilty of the wanton racist, sexist hatred committed against us.
Black women survived that.
There is so much that black women have survived.
The known, and the unknown.
How many black women during slavery, Reconstruction and segregation went to their graves, taking with them the knowledge of all the cruelties done to them because there was no one, save their loved ones, who would hear or heed their cries? Who knows how many black women went insane during passage over on the slave ships that crossed the Atlantic during the horrific Middle Passage? How many black women went mad during slavery, Reconstruction and segregation? Who knows how many black women who disappeared in the night, or in the light of day, on American soil, only to meet their death at the hands of humans who were so brutal and bestial as to consider black women’s lives so cheaply?
We will never know.
What we do know is that black women survived so many trials and travails that it makes one wonder at how they were able to survive so many hells of such a hellish history.
When I look at all that the many black women who have come before me have gone through, the many thousand gone, and I look at all they have survived, all that sought so much to crush and pound them into the earth, so much that sought to take from them their humanity, their personhood, their womanhood—-my soul looks back in wonder.
I marvel at so much they lived through, I marvel at so much they survived.
Yet do I marvel.
Even now, I still ask:
“How did they survive all that in a world not of their making? How did they suvive so many hells?”
But, they did.
Black women who have done so much, with so little.
Black women like Sojourner Truth. Harriet Tubman. Maria Stewart. Ida Wells-Barnett. Fannie Barrier Williams. Mary Ann Shadd Cary. The Black Washerwomen of 1866 in Jackson, Missisippi. Anna Julia Cooper. Mary Church Terrell. Mary McLeod Bethune. Zora Neale Hurston. Ella Baker. Fannie Lou Hamer. Daisy Bates.The many unknown black women who worked the grassroots level of the Civil Rights Movement. Jeanne Noble. Toni Cade Bambara. Toni Morrison. Darlene Clarke Hine. Angela Davis. Shirley Chisholm. Patricia Hill Collins.
And so too today, do black women still survive and keep on keeping on. Black women who derived a sprititual strength from all the many black people who came before them—black people who endured and triumphed over slavery, Reconstruction and segregation.
The tremendous impacts and contributions black women have made to the arts and  sciences.  Black women who have always combined their role as wife/mother with the role of provider/fighter in the struggle for all black people’s liberation. The tremendous impact that black women made in the labor movement, religion, science, politics, medicine, education—every place where there was a struggle, there black women were, making their profound and positive impact in ways that only they could make. The fight against racism and sexism that black women fought  because they knew that if racism and sexism was allowed to continue, then the black race would be utterly destroyed: men, women and children. The many numerous contributions that black women gave to America helped not just black people, those many endeavors that so many black women lost their lives in to make this a better country, in the end, helped all Americans.
Yet do I marvel.
Today, black women are still looked upon as less than human, as less than woman.
Unlike women of many other races/ethnic groups—Asian-, Arab-, European-, Native-, Latina-American—black women are looked upon as less than these women. They are not accorded the rights to be treated as women. The beauty of black women is considered as less than, as not worthy of adoration and respect. The tightly-coiled hair of black women, the full lips, the womanly derrieres are derided and caricatured by many men from many races—womanly attributes that are just as beautiful and worthy of respect as is the beauty of all other women in the world.
Black women are the last to be considered as worthy of love, respect and protection. They are more likely to be called “bitch” no matter how much respect they have for themselves, no matter how they carry themselves. They are considered as liars not capapable of telling the truth, and of course, they are still considered as being unrapeble.
When many black women go missing they are not given the same media treatment that “Missing Pretty White Women” are given. When many black women go missing, American society does not call out the U.S. Cavalry, all the military, all the law enforcements across the country to search high and low for them. When black women and girls go missing, many people do not care, and many consider that black woman or girl who is found dead as one less black woman who no longer lives in this world.
With all that black women have survived in this country, America as a whole should be singing the praises of black women. America should be shouting out loud to the rooftops:
“Look at all that black women have gone through and survived. They have gone through the fire, and have come out through the other side stronger than all that has sought their destruction. Black women of America, we love, adore, salute and admire all that you have survived. We stand in awe at what you have overcome.”
You would think that America would bow in obeisance to black women for all they have been through. You would think that America would laud black women for taking that take which could have destroyed them, and instead, made it something that gave them strength to survive,  keep on living, keep on loving, keep on holding on.
 But, instead, America keeps up the heat against black women. America keeps up the beat down on black women.
We are the last and least desirable of potential mates or marriage partners. Websites all over America look past, push past, shove aside the beauty of black women to get to non-black women. Anyone, everyone, but a BLACK WOMAN. America in advertising shows it has no neeed for the beauty of black women. America knows that it can dump on and degrade the sanctity of black women’s humanity and womanhood, because our beauty, our humanity, our womanhood has never been accorded protection nor respect.
America should sing to the high heavens, its praise of black women, but, it does not.
Black women may not matter to many Americans, but, they matter to me.
Therefore, I will sing to the praises of black women.
I, sing of the black women who came before me who took the blows of the lash, so that I would not have to suffer the degradation of slavery.
I sing of the black women who suffered in silence and went hungry so that their children could have the last piece of bread.
I sing of the many black clubwomen who looked after the black community, North, South, East and West.
I sing of the many black women who gave their unique stamp on feminism—womanism—feminist thought that looked not only at the present, but, also at the future, feminist thought that was inclusionary of men, women and children. All the many black women of today who still continue to live up to the true ideals of feminism that speaks to the dismantling of a patriarchy that harms and destroys not only women and children, but men as well. When black women thrive and excel, all women thrive and excel. When black women benefit, all women benefit.
No woman is free, until all women are free.
I sing of the many black women, who fought against , in the past, and still fight against, in the present, all the demeaning racist and sexist stereotypes created to thwart, deny, and subjugate the womanhood of all black women.
I sing of the many black women who gave voice to their passions, beliefs and values in their literature, their creative arts, their plays, their books—for if we do not speak for ourselves, there are many who will not.
I sing of the black women who had to bear the brutal pain of forced rape, rapes that did not stop with the abolition of slavery, but, instead continued for another 100 years well up into the 1970s.
I sing of the black women who wore, and still wear, their beauty proudly and fiercely, even when the society around them constantly tells them that their beauty will never amount to anything in anyone’s eyes.
I sing of the many black women who went out to work low-wage paying jobs to keep food in their children’s mouths because a savage society would not allow their husbands gainful employment. I sing of the many black women who worked not because they wanted to, but, because they had to. Because that is what black women have been doing since 1619—working, working……working. Because they lived in a society that refused to allow them the chance to have at least one generation of wives and mothers be able to sit.rest.and —-enjoy some portion of their lives.
I sing of the many black women who went into white homes to work to prevent their daughters from having to experience defilement and degradation of their chastity and honor, chastity and honor that was not recognized in the eyes of America.
And still is not.
I sing praises of all the striving, hoping, praying, fighting, championing, trail-blazing, never-give-up black women who hurdled insumountable odds in a country that we black women were never considered a part of. A country that never had the best interests, joys or hopes of the women of my race at heart. A country that never meant for us to survive.
But, survive we have, and thrive we will!
Black women,
Of Thee I Sing!

"Anita Hill on Clarence Thomas..."

Anita Hill on Clarence Thomas: "I Will Not Stand By Silently and Allow Him to Reinvent Me"

"This post, written by Oliver Willis, originally appeared on Like Kryptonite to Stupid"

Eugene Robinson hits the nail so hard on the head about just how dumb Clarence Thomas is.
There are, as he ought to know, plenty of black conservatives. There are plenty of African American parents teaching their children the same lessons of hard work and self-reliance that Thomas's grandfather taught him. The black church, I would argue, is one of the more socially conservative major institutions in the nation.
Black America has never been monolithic in its views, but black Americans do vote almost monolithically for Democrats. That wouldn't necessarily be the case if Richard Nixon hadn't built an electoral strategy on a race-based appeal to Southern whites -- and if every Republican presidential candidate and party leader since Nixon hadn't followed suit. Just last week, the four leading contenders for the Republican nomination all skipped a forum at historically black Morgan State University. As long as snubbing black voters is seen as smart politics in the Republican Party, black conservatives have good reason to stick with the Democrats.
Robinson goes on to explain why, until the cows come home, black conservatives like Clarence Thomas will be known as the self-loathers they are.

UPDATE: Professor Anita Hill, the woman that this... troll... sexually harassed has written an op-ed in the NY Times to counter his slander of her in his book pimping tour.
ON Oct. 11, 1991, I testified about my experience as an employee of Clarence Thomas' at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
I stand by my testimony.
Justice Thomas has every right to present himself as he wishes in his new memoir, "My Grandfather's Son." He may even be entitled to feel abused by the confirmation process that led to his appointment to the Supreme Court.
But I will not stand by silently and allow him, in his anger, to reinvent me.
In the portion of his book that addresses my role in the Senate hearings into his nomination, Justice Thomas offers a litany of unsubstantiated representations and outright smears that Republican senators made about me when I testified before the Judiciary Committee -- that I was a "combative left-winger" who was "touchy" and prone to overreacting to "slights." A number of independent authors have shown those attacks to be baseless. What's more, their reports draw on the experiences of others who were familiar with Mr. Thomas's behavior, and who came forward after the hearings. It's no longer my word against his.
See, people. This is why the Supreme Court is more than Roe v. Wade. It's about getting good, decent people on the highest court in the land, and not absolute filth like Clarence Thomas whose odor wafts from every case he gets his grubby little paws on.

Friday, June 24, 2011

Post by The Angry Black Woman!!!

U.S. Justice System Disparity Spelled Out In Two Headlines The…



U.S. Justice System Disparity Spelled Out In Two Headlines
The image is screencaps of two stories. The first is:
Ex-Mortgage CEO Sentenced to Prison for $3B Fraud
The CEO of what had been one of the nation’s largest privately held mortgage lenders was sentenced Tuesday to more than three years in prison for his role in a $3 billion scheme that officials called one of the biggest corporate frauds in U.S. history.
The 40-month sentence for Paul R. Allen, 55, of Oakton, Va., is slightly less than the six-year term sought by federal prosecutors.
The second is:
Homeless man gets 15 years for stealing $100
A homeless man robbed a Louisiana bank and took a $100 bill. After feeling remorseful, he surrendered to police the next day. The judge sentenced him to 15 years in prison.
Roy Brown, 54, robbed the Capital One bank in Shreveport, Louisiana in December 2007. He approached the teller with one of his hands under his jacket and told her that it was a robbery.
The teller handed Brown three stacks of bill but he only took a single $100 bill and returned the remaining money back to her. He said that he was homeless and hungry and left the bank.
The next day he surrendered to the police voluntarily and told them that his mother didn’t raise him that way.
Brown told the police he needed the money to stay at the detox center and had no other place to stay and was hungry.
In Caddo District Court, he pleaded guilty. The judge sentenced him to 15 years in prison for first degree robbery.

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

"Was Helga Crane Ever Truly Happy?"

            In Quicksand, I don't think Helga was ever truly happy. She always said she was "Happy"; however I think she was more of trying to convince herself that she was happy. Helga didn't know herself and until she accepted who she was, as a biracial woman, she would never truly find peace, happiness, or even a place where she felt she belonged. Helga thought she was happy in New York where she had a job during the day and had her nights filled with parties, theaters, friends, etc. Then she would get to a point where she began hating this life and even these people. Helga Crane was a very confused woman in my opinion and she was never satisfied with herself so of course she didn't think others accepted her either. So, she runs to Denmark thinking she would be much happier and more accepted there among her mother's people. For awhile Helga was "Happy" until she started disliking these people as well and "missing Negroes". So she goes back to New York. Helga just runs around everywhere trying to find herself and when she gets "heartbroken" by Mr. Anderson, she kind of becomes "dazed" and just quits thinking in my opinion. Therefore, she is vulnerable when she meets Rev. Green and I don't think she fully understood what she was doing when she convinced herself that she was in love with him. However, she marries him and moves to a small town in Alabama where she once again is "Happy". However, after a few children and living here for awhile, Helga once again becomes restless and seeks more. She even considers leaving knowing her children had there father and would always taken care of, not having the kind of child hood that she had. But, Helga doesn't leave because she finally starts to get accepted by the community. Helga states at the end of Quicksand, "They are all black together." However, she ended this novel thinking she still had to find a way to escape even though she didn't want to desert her children. So, no I don't believe she was ever truly happy anywhere or with anyone.

"Quicksand" by Nella Larsen


During this novel Quicksand, by Nella Larsen, Helga was a biracial (mulatto) young woman living through the period where people had a strong sense of racial identity and were separated by this. Throughout this entire novel, it seemed as if Helga crane was always seeking and chasing something; whether it was a sense of happiness or just a place of belonging. In my opinion, Helga leaves Naxos because she doesn't like the feel of it and it seems as if these 'Black' people are just compressed together in this one place ruled by the white man (the preacher). So, she decides to leave then and there, not even waiting to the end of the school year. During Helga's meeting with Dr. Anderson, she almost gives in and stays when he is explaining to her that she is right in her feelings. Therefore, she should stay to help Naxos for the good instead of running off because things aren't to her liking. Then when Dr. Anderson tells Helga that she is from good stock, she flips out and becomes defensive just because of her background; even though a person's background doesn't shape them into whom they are or what they can become. Helga leaves because she is not, in her definition, "Happy". So, Helga believes that in Chicago, Uncle Peter will loan her money to get on her feet and until she stables herself. However, Uncle Peter's wife sends Helga off instilling in her head that she isn't Uncle Peter's niece because of her "background, with her mother and father not being married. Why should this matter? Her mother was still Peter's sister so I don't understand how Helga sat there and believed what Peter's wife said. To anyone else, Helga would have stood up but she sat there and took what was town at her and fled. When Helga finally gets a job after struggling to find work to support herself, she seems almost ungrateful. Helga thinks to herself how can they think that she would just jump at the first job even though she knew deep down that that was exactly what she would have done anyway. So, she worked for Mrs. Hayesrore and left for New York. Mrs. Hayesrore took Helga under her wing and helped her get a job and a place to live. Helga always stated that "money doesn't matter", but when she saw Anne's house she immediately wanted to stay because of all the materialistic things she saw. Everything was going great and Helga was "Happy" until one day she starts to hate everyone there. Then "Uncle" Peter sends her a letter apologizing while also disowning her; and he also leaves her five thousand dollars. She again states, "Money doesn't matter", but she keeps the money. He encourages Helga to go to Denmark to her Aunt Katrina who "always wanted her." So Helga goes thinking she will be better accepted here and of course she will finally be "Happy". Here, Helga is welcomed with open arms by her aunt Katrina and her husband. However, they start buying Helga all of these flamboyant clothes and parading her around. So Helga begins to feel as if she isn't exactly accepted all the way. Aunt Katrina thinks Helga needs to marry but Helga doesn't like any one there and when asked to marry by Mr. Olsen she declines and disappoints her aunt and uncle. So now Helga is not "Happy" anymore and takes a vacation back to New York for Anne and Mr. Anderson's wedding. She is upset by this and when she meets up with Mr. Anderson; they start dancing at a party and even share a kiss. Now Helga fancies herself in love with him and thinks he feels the same way. Mr. Anderson arranges a meeting but he tells Helga that it was the alcohol that made him do what he did. This shatters Helga's heart and she slaps Mr. Anderson and runs off into the rain. She ends up at a revival and people thinks she is a sinner coming in off the street. Helga has never been a religious person but she seems to catch the "Spirit" here and afterwards Rev. Green walks her home. Meanwhile Helga looks up into his face and starts to feel something for him. So Helga is in "Love" now and marries Rev. Green and moves to Alabama. Now, once again Helga is "Happy". The people of this small town in Alabama don't really except Helga at first because she is so uptight and deems herself above everyone else. However, they have children and Helga falls sick, and the neighbors all take care of the children until she gets well. They even start having empathy for Helga and finally began to except her. Helga seems not to be "Happy" anymore so she plans to leave; but stays for her children and began to except her life there with her husband and other "black" people. She finally feels as if she has a place where she "belongs and is truly “Happy". I really enjoyed the novel Quicksand by Nella Larsen. However, while reading this novel, I went through a conflict of emotions through reading from the character Helga Crane's point of view.

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

"Their Eyes Were Watching God"

     This movie is adapted from the 1937 novel by Zora Neale Hurston, in which was produced by Oprah Winfrey on the basis of Hurston's novel. During class today, I did not expext for this film to be as interesting and entertaining as it was. Halle Berry(Janie) and Michael Ealy(Tea Cake) both played an exceptional role and did wonderful. This film was about an African American woman in which was a mixture of both the white and black race. However, they lived in an all black town, Edenville, in which Janie didn't have to worry about being treated differently even though she was of mixed race. However, when she became the wife of the mayor and he expected for her to change; then she began being looked upon differently by the townspeople becuse it suddenly seemed as if she was deemed to act above them (like White people). Janie never really cared about what anyone thought anyways which was rare for black people during this time. They were always trying to live by the rules of society after being oppressed for so long by the white race as well as even the black. Therefore, African American women seldomly ever did anything to draw attention to themselves or give others an even more reason to downgrade them further.
     When this film began a quote became embedded in my head, Janie stated, "Two things everybody's got tuh do fuh themselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin' for themselves." This was Janie's motto about life. Because of this quote, she succeeded through each twist and turn life threw her way. Janie's character was very strongwilled but sometimes she submitted a little to her husband(Mr. Mayor Starks), because after all every African American woman was raised with the understanding that the man is "the head of the home." Therefore, Janie settled for what she had and became complacent while just passing through life
     Another favorite quote of mine from this film is the quote about 'Love' that Janie began the movie with as well as ended it, which stated,
 "Love ain't somethin' lak uh grindstone dat's de same thing everywhere and do de same thing tuh everything it touch. Love is lak de sea. It's uh movin' thing, but still and all, it takes its shape from de shore it meets, and it's different with every shore."
This quote began the film and throughout it, Oprah explored Hurston's reasons for the belief of this quote as well as made readers all around come to understand for themselves also the meaning of this quote.
However, from researching the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the movie doesn't seem to do its justice. From reading the first twenty-five chapters this novel, I can understand the whole story from Hurson's point of view; instead of watching this film which mostly centers around romance than actual life. In my opinion, no this film wasn't an actual true depiction of this novel.